“The Things They Carried” Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Things They Carried† Essay In â€Å"The Things They Carried,† Lieutenant Jimmy Cross is conflicted between being a decent pioneer to his fighters and his affection for Martha, in this manner making him a really powerful character. A unique character is somebody who experiences a significant, inside change on account of activity in the plot. For instance, character or disposition would be two that assume a job in against Lieutenant. Jimmy cross shows us in the story exactly what a powerful character is, and I will clarify how he acts before the peak and how he develops after. Fantastic Lieutenant Cross must lead his men through rice paddies in Vietnam. Regardless of how diligently he attempts to be a decent pioneer, he can't quit fantasizing about Martha. He would prefer to be back in New Jersey with her, a young lady who doesn't adore him back. The hardest thing that Lieutenant conveys is his enthusiastic connection to her. It torments him that she doesn’t feel a similar way, however she never will. His adoration for her is to the point it’s a fixation. As it makes reference to in the story all the troopers convey every one of their necessities they need to cause them to feel warm and at home, while, Jimmy Cross conveys in his wallet two photos of Martha. It peruses, â€Å"The first was a Kodacolor depiction marked love, however he knew better,† and â€Å"The photo had been cut from the 1968 Mount Sebastian Yearbook.† We can see this entire dream the he hefts around with him occupies him from his activity. All through the entire story Lieutenant Cross battles to quit considering Martha and begin being a superior chief to his officers. In spite of the fact that he demonstrates to us he is so enveloped with his dreams; it takes the passing of Ted Lavender for Lieutenant Jimmy Cross to open his eyes and wake up. Cross accepts he could have forestalled it in the event that he wouldn’t have been contemplating Martha. There he chooses he needs to figure out how to think just about his activity in the field. He will never excuse himself for mixing up the obligation of his men. Jimmy Cross was being childish and his currently paying for it by going on for the duration of the day missing a warrior. Martha had a method of driving on Jimmy Cross and to permit his adoration for her to develop. The letters she sent via the post office, the stone she sent him, and to the words isolated yet togetherâ quality can make Jimmy Cross extremely diverted. A great deal of times its simple to simply get your expectations up and to consider that every day constant. Jimmy had an adoration for Martha that she didn’t ever give back. Frequently driving him to get his expectations up. I guess it is difficult to be so distant and just to have that somebody you realize will be there when you return home and to adore you like you love them. That’s all Lieutenant Jimmy Cross needed. Anyway to defeat this he consumes all of Martha’s letters, discards the rocks, and focuses on being a pioneer he should be in the first place to his warriors.

School Uniforms Essays - Uniforms, School Uniform, Military Uniform

School Uniforms Essays - Uniforms, School Uniform, Military Uniform School Uniforms Required outfits is an answer that some provide for stop the ongoing and disturbing ascent in brutality and drop out rates in our state funded schools. Those that help garbs contend that regalia mask monetary and ethnic foundations, so understudies are no longer envious of others. The money related weight on guardians is lifted. In any case, do regalia truly give these advantages? Can only one change in government funded schools improve them to such an extent? The wearing of regalia in a greater amount of the country's government funded schools has been a much-discussed issue as of late, with President Clinton and a few individuals from Congress voicing their help. Supporters of school regalia state social and financial classes would no longer be uncovered by understudies' attire, schools will have to a greater degree a feeling of network, and understudies' confidence will improve. Some pack individuals have harmed or killed guiltless individuals in view of a shaded thing of garments they decided to wear. Defenders declare that outfits will lessen this sort of viciousness in schools and, in this way, make classes protected and systematic. Outfits have been appeared to diminish non-attendant rates too. In circumstances where there are a few distinctive money related foundations going to a similar school understudies might be feeling the squeeze, also, potentially disparaged due to inability to fit in with the most popular trend patterns. Everyone wearing similar styles of garments may dispose of that. In light of developing degrees of viciousness in our schools, numerous guardians, instructors, and school authorities have come to see school regalia as one positive and innovative approach to decrease discipline issues and increment school wellbeing. They saw that the appropriation of school uniform approaches can advance school wellbeing, improve control, and improve the learning condition. Thus, numerous nearby networks are choosing to receive school uniform arrangements as a major aspect of a general program to improve school wellbeing what's more, discipline. California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia have sanctioned school uniform guidelines. Despite the fact that social and monetary boundaries can be torn down, a few schools have not had as much achievement. Indeed, executing compulsory school garbs can be perilous in light of the fact that it gives the network an incorrect feeling that all is well with the world. It resembles putting a little swathe on an colossal injury, rather than endeavoring to discover approaches to really manage the dying. In spite of the fact that this can occur, outfits demonstrate to keep on being a triumph. In a ongoing investigation of outfits in Georgia Schools, 80% of understudies expressed that they didn't feel that the regalia diminished battles and 68.7% felt that outfits didn't assist with making them feel a piece of school. One contention is that if our general public is to ever move beyond dogmatism and biases, it is basic that understudies figure out how to acknowledge individuals that don't dress like them, yet others accept that garbs bring diverse refined individuals together. I accept that garbs for the most part help in many regions, yet I do not see a colossal requirement for them in Ware County. The best impact of the school garbs would be not wearing labcoats! I myself would not feel at any way exclusively crushed in the event that I were made to wear a uniform. Everybody must gander at the fundamental issue relating to this theme. Our Lives, without our singularity is trivial. I would be more than ready to wear a uniform to class and be safe and let my character express my independence, and be decided for what I am than to be judged and be pput into a hazardous circumstance for what shading I was wearing.

M chap 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

M chap 3 - Coursework Example scale and huge scope organizations may consistently utilize certain methodologies just as procedures pertinent to changes in buyer conduct (Dietrich and Media, 2015)s. In advertising, organizations consistently need to absolve themselves with certain data from their shoppers including their areas, what they need, just as who their genuine purchasers are. Changes in shopper practices consistently make organizations to direct exhaustive explores, just as, studies so as to comprehend what the purchasers need. For instance, on the off chance that they neglect to fulfill the changing purchaser premiums and needs, advertising of such items might be undermined and can without much of a stretch come up short. Accordingly, the organizations consistently direct studies and research through deals conjectures, web explores, just as, showcase detecting (Dietrich and Media, 2015). This gives them an upper hand in the promoting range as they profoundly comprehend the necessities of their clients, i nability to which, can prompt disappointment of the organizations. Note that the issue of purchaser conduct is likewise influenced by the economy of the United States in specific manners. For example, if the economy fortifies, the purchaser requests and tastes builds (Rao, 2010). Be that as it may, if the economy faces a few emergencies, the purchasers additionally feel these financial emergencies, accordingly constraining their utilization requests. It is of basic essentialness to take note of that adjustments in shopper conduct are not affected by any enactment. This is on the grounds that shopper practices are significantly directed by their very own advantages, tastes and inclinations. Thusly, note that shopper conduct can influence the market in different manners. As indicated by my conclusion, shopper conduct consistently controls the business sectors in different manners. all things considered, the adjustments in purchaser conduct can generally make a few organizations to encounter large misfortunes in the event that they don't gadget viable showcasing procedures to move toward the circumstances occasioned by the adjustments in customer practices. Along these lines,

How do Keats and Blake reflect romantic values in their poetry - Literature Essay Samples

William Blake and John Keats were both prolific English poets of the Romantic era. Blake, an early Romantic along with Wordsworth and Coleridge, produced a poem called Night in 1789, which is part of a series of illustrated poetry called Songs of Innocence. This poem represents Romantic values through its emphasis on self-realization, freedom of expression and the natural world. These ideas are conveyed by Blakes use of sensorial imagery and evocative language. Keats, a late Romantic along with Shelley and Byron, produced Ode on Melancholy in 1819 along with other odes known as The Great Odes. This Ode embodies the Romantic turn to nature, the importance of expressing emotions, and experiencing through the senses.The late 18th century saw a move towards the ideal that to be a truly modern person, one needed to break free of the rules that constrained society. This movement was labeled Romanticism, a term derived from the medieval tales of myth, magic and the supernatural that we re called Romances because they were written in the language of Romanz. The movement lasted from 1798 to 1832 and was thought to have begun on par with the French Revolution. It was the first time England had been involved with a revolution, and the violence and terror that accompanied it were a shock to many. It was Wordsworth who contemplated the idea of having a revolution of the imagination and everything completely disassociated with war rather than a revolution of the people. The Romantic period was in many ways a backlash against the Enlightenment that preceded it. The Enlightenment of the early 1700s emphasized a mechanical, deterministic universe with prominence given to rationalism and science, and was therefore called the Age of Reason. In a Europe torn by revolutions and war, the certainties of the Enlightenment had already been shown to be false. Philosophically, Romanticism represented a shift from the certainty of science to the uncertainty of imagination-from objective to subjective. This move coincided with German philosopher Immanuel Kant proposing that we do not directly see things-in-themselves but that we only understand the world through our human point of view. Romanticism was essentially the opposite of everything that the Enlightenment represented.The roots of Romanticism had grown concurrently with neoclassicism but by the 1780s, the neoclassical virtues of reason and decorum were rejected and the Romantic mood took over in music, poetry, painting and architecture. The Romantic values of expressing the emotions and imagination were embodied in all forms of the arts. Romantic music was concerned with conveying moods, feelings and passions. Mendelssohns Midsummer Nights Dream overture and Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique are both examples of works that exploit instrumental expressive capabilities and each tells a story of sorts. The poetry relied on use of the senses to relate experience whilst paintings saw a shift toward por traying landscapes and other objects of nature. The Romantic emphasis on the individual was reflected in ideas of self-realization and in a turning to nature. It was believed that the individual could directly understand nature without the need for social artifice and that the solitary individual achieved salvation. The people generally tended towards adopting informal behavior, allowing their emotions to flow freely and focusing on their inner selves. They held in high esteem the concept of human freedom rather than human moderation.Romanticism brought about an existence beyond surface reality, and a sense of abstract idealism. There was a revolt against conventional morality, authority and government. People began to question fundamental issues such as the existence of a God and conventional Christianity more significantly. Romantics held beliefs in the exploration of the senses rather than use of the brain or any such rationalist way of thinking. This was a direct contras t to the ideals of the Enlightenment and the neoclassical period. The 1792 publication of Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft sparked the beginnings of the feminist movement, with the formation of womens political nightclubs in Paris in the wake of the French Revolution. Romanticism remained a force in the arts until the end of the 19th century. Blakes poem on night exemplifies Romantic values. The first stanza sets the night scene of the poem. He creates this atmosphere by using sibilance throughout the stanza, an example of which is The sun descending in the west, the evening star does shine. This soft sound establishes an atmosphere of calmness and stillness, which is further enhanced by the use of alliteration, as demonstrated in the last line with silent delight, sits and smiles on the night and also by the repetition of the word silent. The poem is organized into six stanzas, each consisting of eight lines, the first four of which are in iambic penta meter, with an alternate rhyme scheme (ABAB). The use of iambic pentameter serves to add a lilting quality to the poem, its regular rhythm echoing the pleasant tone of the poem and the scenes that Blake is describing. Blake paints a picture in the readers mind of these scenes through his use of visual imagery, shown by the evening star does shine; personification, the moonsits and smiles; and simile, the moon, like a flower. These techniques enable Blake to adequately portray the scene of Night and set the poems mood in the first stanza.The next stanza introduces a supernatural, somewhat magical element to the poem. This is evident by the appearance of the angels, which reinforces the allusions to heaven that Blake depicted in the first stanza. The angels are portrayed pouring blessingon each sleeping bosom. This emphasizes the Romantic ideal about care for the individual. This ideal is upheld throughout the poem, seen by the angels protecting the sheep from its prey and guardi ng every beast, to keep them all from harm. The night atmosphere is carried through the second stanza by repetition of the words silent and sleeping, and figurative imagery: silent moves the feet of angels bright (visual) and where lambs have nibbled (tactile). Blakes use of alliteration in each bud and blossom and each bosom at the end of the second stanza emphasizes the fact that the angels care for each and every individual creature. The fourth stanza witnesses the angles weeping for the sheep about to be eaten and also for the wolves and tigers who cannot help being cruel to the sheep. This is representative of the Romantic value of letting the emotions go and expressing oneself freely. It is implied by receive each mild spirit new worlds to inherit that the angels will take the sheep to heaven even if the tigers kill them. Blake has juxtaposed the natural with the supernatural perhaps to install a message of protection for the weak and to show the innocence of the angels s ympathy for the creatures. This emotive mood in the fourth stanza is enhanced by Blakes use of assonance on the ee sound through words such as weep, seek, keep, sheep and heed as well as his aural imagery as shown in when wolves and tigers howl for prey. The final two stanzas demonstrate the epitome of Romantic sentiment, with the lion pitying the tender cries of the sheep whilst its ruddy eyes shall flow with tears of gold. The lions tears could symbolize an awareness of the fragility of innocence, innocence being clearly represented by the sheep. The aural imagery of the bleating lamb emphasizes its helplessness and thus heightens the lions role in looking after it. The allusion to immortal once again suggests a heavenly atmosphere, pertaining to the new world referred to in the previous stanza. It has been suggested (I) that the new world is merely an extension of the earthly world, as earthly creatures reside in the new world and experience the same emotions. However, the lion clearly says that wrath by his health sickness is driven away from our immortal day and thus Blake could be suggesting that the world must be transcended so that the innocent vision can triumph.Romanticism is reflected in this poem by the references to nature, the individual and the emotions sustained throughout the poem. Nature is not only used to describe the atmosphere but also conjuncts with ideas presented, such as the metaphor lifes river and the simile the moon, like a flower. Blakes use of sensorial imagery is also representative of Romantic values, which maintained that thing have to be experienced rather than be obtained by use of reason. The image of the angels pitying stand and weep epitomizes this statement all that the angels achieve is through use of their sense and their emotions. Likewise, Blake uses sensorial imagery to describe the setting and set the scene. The juxtaposing of the natural/heavenly relies on the imagination and a sense of the abstract, a lso a Romantic characteristic. The wolves and tigers can be seen to represent a form of authority, which Blake clearly rejects, as would most Romantics, shown when the angels try to keep them from the sheep. Yet this can also be seen as the innocence of the natural order (the tiger and wolf preying on the lamb) which is really a defiance of Romantic values as it does not promote care for the individual. However, the final image that remains etched on the readers mind is that of the lion guarding oer the fold. It is apparent that the lion has achieved happiness by doing so when he uses the simile My bright mane for ever shall shine like the gold. Perhaps this is Blakes way of saying that true happiness is only achieved through self-realization, focus on the individual and freedom of expression, all characteristic of Romantic values. In three stanzas of ten lines each and a decasyllabic structure to each line, Keats has chosen the subject of melancholy on which to write an ode. In the first stanza, Keats urges the reader not to let lifes misery consume them, for death will come eventually. This is implied by for shade to shade will come too drowsily, and drown the wakeful anguish of the soul. This evocative use of language implies that a sleep will eventually drown all sorrows. The mood of this poem, unlike Blakes, is, as the title suggests, quite melancholy. This melancholic atmosphere is established in the first stanza by the neoclassical symbols of grief and death, such as death-moth, downy owl and rosary of yew berries. Keats has alluded to symbols of Greek mythology, such as Lethe, a river whose water produced forgetfulness of the past, as well as Proserpine and Psyche, Olympian deities who govern emotion. Keats has used visual imagery, such as the symbols of grief, as well as tactile imagery in nor suffer they pale forehead to be kissed and metaphors such as ruby grape in order to express the view that a person should not respond to melancholy by letting it consume them. Yet Keats also seems to be advising us that such searching after surcease of sorrow is premature since sleep of shade to shade will come too drowsily.In the second stanza, Keats seems to be advising us what to do when misery enters our lives. He emphasizes the suddenness of the melancholy fit with a simile, sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud. The personification of the cloud adds to the intensity with which melancholy can descend upon us. Keats then goes on to say, glut thy sorrows on a morning roseor on the rainbow of salt sand-wave, both references to nature. Keats is in fact implying that by turning to nature in times of melancholy, we can achieve sanction, a highly esteemed ideal in the Romantic era. Romantics believed that nature was a reflection of the soul and thus was connected to the individual. The focus on nature paralleled a focus within the self and was so thought to bring some form of salvation. Keats could also be suggesting that the antidote to melancholy is a renewed consciousness of beauty. He embodies this in the form of a woman: Or if they mistress some rich anger shows, emprison her soft handfeed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes. Keats has used assonance in deep and peerless and repeated the word deep to enhance the womans beauty and emphasize an almost hypnotic feel about her peerless eyes. The contemplation of these objects of brief beauty is perhaps meant to be a reminder of the brevity of human experience and the mutability of humanity. In order to advise us what to do with melancholy, Keats suggests turning to nature and seeking remedy through beauty. The third stanza witnesses the personification of the emotions of Melancholy (her) and Joy (his). Keats has used the metaphor temple of delight to allude to Greek mythology again, as this temple is where all the deities were supposed to have lived and inside it, veiled Melancholy has her sovran shrine. Perhaps Keats is implying that melanc holy has her place amongst all other emotions. This idea is emphasized in the opening line of the stanza, she dwells with Beauty: Beauty that must die. Keats could be celebrating the dualities of life, acknowledging that melancholy dwells with beauty and joy, but is with those things for a short time. However, the power of melancholy is emphasized through the metaphor cloudy trophies and Keats use of alliteration, his soul shall taste the sadness of her might, implying that we shouldnt attempt to dismiss melancholy because she will always be there, but instead we could learn to co-exist. This form of evocative language has been used in the poem whenever an atmosphere of anguish is depicted. The strong Romantic nature of the poem is revealed by the references to nature and the encouragement of displaying emotions. Keats is encouraging people to glut they sorrow on a morning rose, not to ignore the melancholy, but to experience the emotion along with other emotions, to literally pour the emotion out. He mentions that if they mistress some rich anger showslet her rave, i.e.: let her express her anger. This purging is something that Romantics valued highly, along with natures ability to soothe the soul. The sensorial imagery and constant allusion to the senses used throughout the poem are also reflective of the Romantic notion of feeling rather than thinking. Blakes Night and Keats Ode on Melancholy both combine to constitute the values held by people of the Romantic era. Blake captures the essence of this by portraying happiness as being achieved through the senses, as depicted by the lion weeping for the sheep and the angels sympathy for all creatures. Keats encourages turning to nature for inner sanction and a renewal of beauty yet letting the emotions flow. The poems, although very different in tone, have essentially the same message and thus embody the values represented in the Romantic era. BIBLIOGRAPHY1) Blake, William. 1994. A Selection of Finest Poems. Oxford University Press, Oxford.2) Keats, John. 1988. A New Selection. Penguin Books, London. 3) Lombard, Stephen. Songs of Innocence and Experience [online]http://www.english.uga.edu/wblake/SIE/20/20whitt.bib.html September 9th, 1997.4) Tobum, Emilio. The great odes of John Keats [online] http://www.Teode.go.ip/jkeats/embum/97uk.html May 11th, 1998.

Corporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished

Corporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’ discipline. Thus, teachers can focus on teaching the students. However, I believe that corporal punishment will bring more harm than benefits. Therefore, the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished. The first reason why†¦show more content†¦This is because they will feel humiliated and their reputation among other students will be affected. Most of the students are still in the stage where their peers’ perceptions influence them. They need to feel good about themselves. Other students will perceive those who being punished as problematic students and they will think twice when they want to approach these problematic students. The situation where they are often being neglected can affect their self-esteem and confidence. Some of the students will also feel insecure when they are in schools. They will develop anxiety symptoms because they are too afraid of being punished. The case of my neighbour’s son is one fine example. He is too afraid of going to school as he has witnessed many of his friends being punished by their teacher. He is such a good boy and it is almost impossible to see him misbehave. However, witnessing his own friends being punished has giv en a great impact to him. When he is in school, he can’t focus in his class because he’s afraid of the teacher. This implies that young children can have some kind of ‘traumatic effect’ when they observed unpleasant stimulus being performed. These psychological effects will lead to low achievement among punished students as well as those who witnessed the punishment. The worst thing that can happen to students is that such aversive punishment will increase students’ aggressive behaviour. UsingShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished1141 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’Read More Corporal Punishment in Schools Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesCorporal Punishment in Schools I wrote this paper for Contemporary Moral Issues class. This was an assignment of our choice and I chose to do this topic, because the week before in Intro to Education we had discussed discipline methods and I was astonished to learn that corporal punishment still existed in schools. I am hoping that by including this piece of work on my webfolio others will become aware that corporal punishment is alive and used often in our schools. In theRead MoreEssay on Abolishing Corporal Punishment in the United States Schools755 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment is a discipline method in which an administering adult inflicts pain upon a student (usually using a paddle) in response to a students offensive behavior. Nowadays regulations have been created as to how many â€Å"swats† can be inflicted, by whom, and with what instrument. It is still used in many U.S. schools as a disciplinary method against disobedient or defiant students. Although corporal punishment is no longer tolerated in the military, prisons, or mental institutions, 21 statesRead MoreCorporal Punishment with Respect to the Private and Public Sphere1187 Words   |  5 Pages1 Introduction Corporal punishment is the unlawful intentional act of causing harm by physically inflicting punishment on the body of an offender or severely criticising the offender. There is a distinction in common-law between corporal punishment in the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. The public sphere’s position is much differentRead MoreCorporal Punishment in the Private and Public Sphere in South Africa1190 Words   |  5 Pages1 Introduction Corporal punishment is the unlawful intentional act of causing harm by physically inflicting punishment on the body of an offender or severely criticising the offender. There is a distinction in common-law between corporal punishment in the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is still legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. Parents know their children best andRead MoreCorporal Punishment Should Be Banned1459 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, it is no surprise that corporal punishment against school going children is one of the most controversial topics throughout the globe, including within political, academic, and general public debates at large. A detailed review of available literature on the topic reveals that the academic discussion is divided into those who argue that corporal punishment is effective and necessary in schools, and those who argue that the risks and disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh its benefitsRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1708 Words   |  7 Pagesviewpoint on corporal punishment; some of the reviews take a look at who is most affected by corporal punishment in terms of focusing their lens on race, socio-economic status, gender, culture etc. Some also take a critical look at the advantages and disadvantages of corporal punishment. Some take a look at the widespread of corporal punishment in the US. Cases against corporal punishment and the effect of corporal punishment on children were also looked into. With all the different ways corporal punishmentRead MoreChild Rearing Essay example1495 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Corporal punishment is the use of physical force causing pain, but not wounds, as a means of discipline.† Definition of Corporal Punishment by Unicef- Educate! Don’t Punish! Awareness Campaign Physical punishment was very common. In the past corporal punishment was by not only applied to children. It was used on adults as well. In England from the Middle Ages whipping was a common punishment for minor crimes. In the 18th century whipping or flogging was a common punishment in the British army andRead MoreA Debate: Punishment is a Sustained Form of Modifying Behavior1127 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The debate of whether punishment is a sustained form of modifying behavior has been around for decades. Whether or not negative reinforcement works better than positive reinforcement can be discussed and further supported by current research (Gershoff, 2010). Punishment has gotten very negative publicity for the potential harmful effects that this form of learning has had on children. Most behavioral studies based on the idea of praising or knocking down punishment strategies have been done in childrenRead MoreCorporal Punishment1764 Words   |  8 PagesCORPORAL PUNISHMENT RESE ARCH STUDY CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS 4.1 INTRODUCTION To interpret something is to give it a meaning., Ttherefore, data analysis is the act of organising and reducing the data to a more manageable and interpretable form (Krà ¼ger, De Vos, Fouchà © Venter, and 2005: 218). To put it more concisely, data analysis is the organisationing of raw data into more concise and intelligible data which can later be analysed (Bless Corporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished Corporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’ discipline. Thus, teachers can focus on teaching the students. However, I believe that corporal punishment will bring more harm than benefits. Therefore, the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished. The first reason why I’m†¦show more content†¦However, students will behave only because they perceive the punishment as a threat. They behave not because they want to but they are forced to. The other reason is that corporal punishment can act as a powerful tool to maintain order inside the classroom. Naughty children can’t focus on their studies until they learn to behave. They will tend to do other things during class activities such as disturbing their friends which can disrupt the flow of a lesson. Teachers can’t be lenient as the children will just ignore them even though they repeatedly asked the children to behave. By implementing corporal punishment, the children will be less likely to misbehave as they want to avoid being punished. These children will be more likely to participate in class activities without causing any troubles. Hence, teachers can focus on transmitting knowledge as the students are well-behaved. Nevertheless, the students behave appropriately solely because they want to avoid punishment. It is not thought of as internalized because they did not behave appropriately on their own will. In conclusion, the use of physical punishment as a means to promote students’ self-discipline will bring many unintended negative consequences. The practice of corporal punishment will create an unhealthy learning environment, causes psychological effects to students, and increase students’ aggressive behaviour. It clearly distorts the purpose of coming to school which is to get education in a healthyShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished1125 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’Read More Corporal Punishment in Schools Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesCorporal Punishment in Schools I wrote this paper for Contemporary Moral Issues class. This was an assignment of our choice and I chose to do this topic, because the week before in Intro to Education we had discussed discipline methods and I was astonished to learn that corporal punishment still existed in schools. I am hoping that by including this piece of work on my webfolio others will become aware that corporal punishment is alive and used often in our schools. In theRead MoreEssay on Abolishing Corporal Punishment in the United States Schools755 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment is a discipline method in which an administering adult inflicts pain upon a student (usually using a paddle) in response to a students offensive behavior. Nowadays regulations have been created as to how many â€Å"swats† can be inflicted, by whom, and with what instrument. It is still used in many U.S. schools as a disciplinary method against disobedient or defiant students. Although corporal punishment is no longer tolerated in the military, prisons, or mental institutions, 21 statesRead MoreCorporal Punishment with Respect to the Private and Public Sphere1187 Words   |  5 Pages1 Introduction Corporal punishment is the unlawful intentional act of causing harm by physically inflicting punishment on the body of an offender or severely criticising the offender. There is a distinction in common-law between corporal punishment in the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. The public sphere’s position is much differentRead MoreCorporal Punishment in the Private and Public Sphere in South Africa1190 Words   |  5 Pages1 Introduction Corporal punishment is the unlawful intentional act of causing harm by physically inflicting punishment on the body of an offender or severely criticising the offender. There is a distinction in common-law between corporal punishment in the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is still legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. Parents know their children best andRead MoreCorporal Punishment Should Be Banned1459 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, it is no surprise that corporal punishment against school going children is one of the most controversial topics throughout the globe, including within political, academic, and general public debates at large. A detailed review of available literature on the topic reveals that the academic discussion is divided into those who argue that corporal punishment is effective and necessary in schools, and those who argue that the risks and disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh its benefitsRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1708 Words   |  7 Pagesviewpoint on corporal punishment; some of the reviews take a look at who is most affected by corporal punishment in terms of focusing their lens on race, socio-economic status, gender, culture etc. Some also take a critical look at the advantages and disadvantages of corporal punishment. Some take a look at the widespread of corporal punishment in the US. Cases against corporal punishment and the effect of corporal punishment on children were also looked into. 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Economic Policy And Monetary Policy - 2426 Words

There are two types of economic policies to control aggregate demand in a market economy. These two types are known as fiscal policy and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is when the government changes their taxing amounts and their spending, for the purpose of expanding or contracting aggregate demand. Monetary policy is the changes in interests rates and money supply to expand or contract the same demand, but it is under control of our central bank. When it comes to fiscal policy, the government does two very different things to promote economic growth, depending on what is going on in the economy at a certain time. For example, if our economy is in a recession and is failing, this policy would involve lowering taxes and reducing spending.†¦show more content†¦But in a severe recession, such as in 2008-2009, the government resorted to increased spending, in order to get these times out of decrease and into economic increase. Another type of fiscal policy is aimed to create mo re expansions and fewer recessions in our economy. This is knows as the nondiscretionary fiscal policy, or automatic stabilizers. The main source of the federal money brought in is from progressive income tax, which aims to increase demand in a recession and decrease demand in an expansion, along with the welfare system. In the 2008-2009 recession, these automatic stabilizers made a much bigger stimulus than the changes made to taxes and spending by the government. When it comes to the monetary policy, the promoting of the economic growth comes from the Federal Reserve System. In order to make growth during a recession, the bank lowers interest rates and increase money supply. In an expansion, the opposite occurs, where the interest rates are increased but the money supply is decreased. This impact though can take several months for it to change the demand. An issue with this though is the fact that the bank is not controlled by the president or congress, but could be seen as a posi tive compared to the fiscal policy, which has to be overseen by both the president and congress. http://faculty.etsu.edu/hipples/fpvsmp.htm What caused the collapse of the first

Problem and its Background free essay sample

Man’s progress is measured through the advancement of Science and Technology in different fields especially in business arena. Through the years, many business establishments were built and organized to boost their business operation. Almost all types of business may it be small, medium or large scale are trying to take advantage of this technology. This means less paper works for office employees and even fewer employees for some organization seems to depend on its ability to utilize computer technology at its fullest. Presently, automation is one of the leading industry in the country today. Since technology changes rapidly and demands for machines are rising. There is a need for a basic understanding of computer technology , this understanding enables us to be comfortable in an increasing computer oriented environment by removing the fear with the unknown that many people have about the computer. One of the benefits of the system is it provides a prompt computation and accurate enough within a certain design space, especially for time-consuming manual process. New users often fret over the potential for lost data due to system malfunctions with a well designed and tested backup scheme and disaster recovery system, a computer-based record is much more reliable and less prone to data loss than conventional paper-based records. Record access can be restricted and monitored automatically. Provided that data are structured and coded in an unambiguous fashion, programs can continuously check and filter the data for errors, summarize and interpret data, and issue alerts and/or reminders. Once in electronic form a data can be linked to reference information stored and maintained locally or, via the internet. If the electronic record is integrated, then all data is immediately available to all practitioners regardless of their physical location as soon as the data is entered into the computer. The health care environment is currently undergoing a revolution. A rapidly growing cost of providing medical care are forcing hospital to merge at an increasing rate in order to consolidate the types of services offered. The cost of the new technology is also requiring a hospital to reevaluate their mission to the communities they serve. Originally no specialized users were contented with common tasks such as paper, ball pen, typewriter and file cabinet to perform their jobs. These people could satisfactorily accomplish their tasks without computer technology, but these situations have change dramatically. With the new technology, hospitals provide faster more accurate and more convenient services to their patients. Background of the study San Juan District Hospital is the only government hospital in this part of Batangas. It is a 25 bed capacity secondary government hospital that was established by virtue of Republic Act 3956. A Puericulture Center has been offered by concerned citizen of the town headed by Mrs. Marietta O. De Villa as the first hospital building. It is a two story building with a floor area of roughly 200 square meters which was . approved by the Department of Health. The National Aid Budget was first released under TW# 804-039288 dated June 11, 1975 and received on June 20, 1975 in the amount of P 105,645. 00. With this financial source, organization of the hospital was immediately approved of about 13 hospital items/positions. The hospital was opened to the public on July 1, 1975 for consultation services only, headed by Dr. Marciano Marcellana as Chief of Hospital. The catchment areas of this hospital are San Juan Rural Health Unit I II, Rosario and Taysan. In the year 1982, the Trivino family donated one hectare of farm lot for the construction of new hospital building at Barangay Talahiban 2nd, San Juan, Batangas. The hospital then transferred to the new site year 1988. In April, 1993 with the implementation of Republic Act No. 7180, otherwise known as Local Government Code of 1991, San Juan District Hospital was devolved to the Provincial Government of Batangas under the immediate supervision of the Provincial Health Officer. In 1999 as part of the government’s computerization program the San Juan District Hospital received computers from the local government. The hospital had a payroll system on 2001. MISSION: Development of health conscious and healthy families and communities thru partnership with the people by the provision of the four ACES: availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability and omnipotently guided health care services. VISION: A socialized medicine for the Batanguenos especially the underpriviledge. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Further uplift the health of the people particularly Batangenyos through curative, promotive and preventive aspect of health care delivery. Conceptual Framework Feedback Fig 1. Conceptual Paradigm Examination of Conceptual Paradigm The system is â€Å"San Juan District Hospital Management System†. It is intended for the operations inside the hospital which caters Billing and Record Keeping of patients. The users include the administrator who has full access of the system. The cashier, one who receives the payment of the patients. The Billing Clerk computes for the bill of patients, Chief of Billing verifies and updates records in case invalid data was inputted and also verifies the eligibility for discount of the patients. The encoder, one who adds record concerning billing. The nurse gathers the information from the patient including the patient’s picture then it is turned over to the record officer for storage and safekeeping. The encoder is the one to add patient records. The record officer verifies and update the records of the patient. The nurse in each station could only view the information regarding the patient. In Patient’s Information the users gather the patient’s record such as the patients name, disposition, diagnosis and etc. On the other hand in Billing, the user entails the medical Transactions as well as the medical supplies consumed by the patient. All of the medical transactions as well as medical supplies consumed by the patient are submitted to the billing section. The adoptability of San Juan District Hospital Management System: Reliability-refers to the dependability and precautionary measures of the system. -The system provides accupate information on the billing of patients The system provides useful information regarding the patient’s record The system provides accuracy and consistency in the patient record The system provides an accurate computerized print out of records The system minimizes the work load of the users Security-refers to the accessibility of the users to the system. The system provides log in and log out forms for an improved security The system provides the ability of the admin to access all the functions of the system The system provides user level like the administrator, record officer, cashier, etc. The system provides restrictions appropriate for the type of user The system provides system management the user account by using add, edit and delete functions. User Friendliness-refers to the simplicity and understandability of the system. The system provides an easy to understand visual user interface The system provides an interactive help system for easy usage The system makes use of shortcut buttons for easy system navigation The system makes use of proper colors and fonts suitable interface environment The system provides a confirmation message for the confirmation of the action. Efficiency-refers to the competence of the system. The system Provides a search engine for fast retrieval of informatio The system Makes use of the add, edit, delete functions for easy information updates. The system Speeds up the work of the users The system Simplifies the record keeping and record handling of the hospital. The system Speeds up the patient and hospital transactions The data gathered from the devices is then processed by the system. The devices include printer which is use to produce hard copy of receipts as well as reports. Since it is an integrated system it needs a LAN Card for networking. WebCam to input pictures of the patients. This leads to gathering of Timely reports for Billing. It also generates Patient’s Record by request. The system is insignificant if it has no benefit. The system Accelerates work in generating Bill Reports as we all know that waste of time effort in every business means a lost in their assets. It could easily keep track of information regarding the patients bills since it is presented timely and it also enhances the quality of work since the production of inaccurate reports would be lessened. It also lessens time and effort in looking for the patient’s record in a logbook and filling cabinet. The users could easily manipulate the system because it is presented in a user friendly environment. Statement of the Problem 1. What are the profile of the respondents? a) Position b) Computer Literacy 2. How do the respondents perceived the current way of retrieving information? a) Filling Cabinet b) Index Card 3. How do the respondents perceive the current way of generating bill reports? a) Manually generated receipts 4. How do the respondents perceived the idea of having â€Å"San Juan District Hospital Management System† based on the ff: a) Reliability b) Security c) User Friendliness d) Efficiency 5. How do the respondents perceive the applicability of San Juan District Hospital Management System? Scope and Limitation of the study The system consists of computerized billing and record keeping system. Only authorized persons is able to access these processes through the use of passwords. The nurse of each workstation has limitation in using a system due to the hierarchy of authority. Each of these has data storage, data entry and report generation. It is in LAN Based. Billing System consists of the invoices of the patient. It generates timely reports as well as printing of receipts. This incorporates the laboratory charges and medical supplies used. Provided that the medicines are bought inside the hospital. It also computes for the discounts such as PhilHealh, insurance and etc. This does not include monitoring of the profit earned by the hospital. It does not include payments with the use of credit cards. Record Keeping System encloses only the In-patient and out-patient’s personal information that would be needed for the diagnosis such as the name, ailment, gender,picture and etc. It also encompasses the laboratory results of the In-patient which is attached to nurse records through the availability of computer in the laboratory. Importance of the Study Giving latest innovation with the use of computer integration, the proponents have arrived in the best possible computer integration assets by the creative minds in achieving optimum success. The system provided a design model for the better, effective and efficient processing of the system. This system intends to help the San Juan District Hospital in the processing of the needed data and documents. This system can perform tasks of an individual in an accelerated manner so it could increase job performance. It reduces manual process and so it could minimize human errors. This system is made easily for the user, so they can easily adopt. It minimizes the paper works of the person in charge in monitoring. It enhances the quality of work, since the production of inaccurate reports would be lessened if not eliminated. The processing can change the way the user operates. In addition, the system solves time and labor, the processing can lead to benefits such as improve services and control flow. The system can improve the processing of the hospital. The data can be access easily and the reports could be made available anytime the clients need it. The importance of the system primary focuses to meet and satisfy the given objectives of the system. This system is undertaken by proponents in order to adopt in a more advance techniques that are currently use in some offices and institutions. The finding of the system should be able to be of great help to the billing section as well as to other departments to take a direction towards modern computerization. Therefore, a lot of effort and time would be saved. It is a great advantage for San Juan District Hospital for the reason that the client could avail a good service and marks for the reason to help more organize and punctual to their tasks so they could do their responsible well. Definition of Terms Administrative Department- responsible for the operation of the entire institution. Anesthesiologist- a doctor who supervises the use of drugs for the relief of pain during surgery. Charge Nurse A registered or licensed practical or vocational nurse assigned to be in charge of a nursing unit. Custodial Care Basic care provided on a 24 hour basis that meets an individuals basic physical needs; simple assistance or total care may be needed. District or Community Hospital- serves larger population centers such as towns and large cities. Geriatric Hospital- hospital that accommodates the older population segment. Hospital A health care facility that has a governing body, an organized medical and professional staff, and inpatient facilities and provides medical, nursing, and related services for injured patients. Inpatient A person who has been admitted at least overnight to a hospital or other health facility. Intensive Care Unit- unit where an intensive monitoring and nursing is provided for seriously-ill patients. Laboratory- hospital unit where tests are conducted to help doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. Level of Security Password Access-the persons who can only access one computer. Maternity Units- hospital unit that help protect mothers and infants from infection. Medical Units- units for patients who are required treatment by drugs. Medication-treatment of an illness using drugs. Medicine card-patient medication with corresponding time. Medical Prescription-covers the doctors medical prescription to his patient. Medical Records Department- keeps records on every patient. Networked-A state of being physically connecting 2 or more computers to create a communication and data exchange system. Nurse-somebody trained to look after sick and inured people,especially somebody who works in a hospital or clinic,administering the care and treatment that a doctor prescribes. Nurse note -a form a sheet which nurses ask to record their observation and report. Nursing staff- form the largest group on the patient care system. Outpatient a patient who is receiving ambulatory care at a hospital or other facility without being admitted to the facility. Patient Record System-covers the processing of the information pertaining to the patient. This system stores all the details about her patient. Radiologist- directs a hospital X-ray and other imaging services. Surgical Unit- hospital unit for patients necessitating surgery. Ward- a room where a patient stays while receiving treatment. Acronyms CVD- Cardiovascular Disease CBC- Complete Blood Count DR- Delivery Room FBS- Fasting Blood Sugar ICD- International Code of Diseases ID- Once Daily LAN-Local Area Network MGH- May Go Home OPD- Out-Patient Department OR- Operating Room ORT- Oral Rehydration Therapy PC- Platelet Count QID- Four times a day RBC- Red Blood Cells RHU- Rural Health Unit RX- Prescription SE- Stool Exam UE- Urinalysis SWO-Social Welfare Office CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature and Study Local Study A study states that â€Å"It generates multiple reports for every department of Kolin Plant†. (Comia, 2005) The system concentrates and focused on the development of computer-based system. The system also includes generating of reports. In relation to this study, the researchers provide a computerized Monitoring System for J07 construction supply and services. The system includes the monitoring of the incoming outgoing raw materials updating of raw materials. The system also features the capability to print out file information like the available and consumed stocks. It monitors the total number of product that are sold unsold , update sales record of accurately . It also serves as a feature of assigning of prices to a particular item automatically detecting the required products for recording . It also has features of monitoring the daily sale of market. In relation to this study, the researchers developed a computerized Monitoring System for J07 construction supply services. The system includes the monitoring of the incoming and outgoing raw materials and updating of raw materials. A study (Edralin, 2003) states that small company as we can see majority of the business uses computers with also included the use of computerized system in order to achieve their goal and to lessen in the manual process in the business. As they believe using computer makes the business flow smooth and faster and we can’t regret for what they believe because as far as we know it has been proven for many times in many aspects of business. It provides the data needed for automation and computerization of its sales monitoring system. It also supplies the company a better system that benefits each and everyone on the company as a whole. According to Lee (2004) In this hospital Admitting and Centralized Billing System aims to develop a system that would monitor the room availability, speed up the processing of readmittance and would decentralized the exchange of patient’s record. Included in the system is a work area that provides a faster and easier method of adding, viewing, modifying and deleting of reports. This study focuses in admitting and billing system of patient. It has own data entry and report generations. Reports include the following. In-patient bills, in-patient information and last of patient. LAN setup is notr tackled in this study. According to Rogelio D. Rivera (2006) I usually design a system design requested when there is some dissatisfaction present in the system. In the system in this book Analysis of Data Management stated that â€Å"No system can be devised which is full proof against personnel which do not know or make property in developing a system, a process is set to meet the dissatisfaction of the present system, on the part of the beneficiaries such as the personnel and applicant, the new system should at least give them the ease of maintaining a fast and better procedure on handling records. A study (Augusto ,2003) wrote in this national press academic entitled â€Å"Reduce medical error requires Computerized Patient Information System† stated that to significally reduce the tens of thousands of deaths and injuries caused by medical errors every year, health care organizations must adopt information technology system that are capable of collecting and sharing essential health information on patients and their care, says a new report by the institute of medicine of the national academics. These systems should operate seamlessly. As part of the national network of health information that is accessible by all health care organization and that includes electronic records of patient’s care and secure platforms for the exchange of information among providers and patients and data standards that makes health information uniform and understandable to all. Foreign study A study (Monlb, 2002) states that the reality of today’s medical world is that cost effective, efficient management of receivables is a major challenge. Successful relationship with their client have Medical Data Systems an industry leader in revenue management Services. Specializing in secondary collection of hospital allow end professional fee billing, medical net-System has the solutions to today and tomorrows challenges. It has maintained an excellent reputation through out its 14 year history currently employing over 150 staff members at 6 locations throughout the Southeast and Southwest. We pride ourselves on or seminar-oriented, peer cooperative working relationship with a clients. The ultimate goal is to design a unique management services package to match the needs of our practice of facility. They work closely with you to assess your intimations, analyze and evaluate your specific requirements and faster solution to your need. Through over 14-year history of medical billing they have observed that professional fee-components billing is time-consuming laborious process that detracts the hospital billing staff that detracts the hospital billing staff from their more comprehensive compliance issues required for the much lower value professional claims is often not a cost effective undertaking for a medical facilitating they have developed an intermediate information system, which is utilized as a holding database between the hospital and their billing system, which screens information for discrepancies and incomplete data prior to exportation into their billing system. This yield information into their staff to concentrate on the aged receivables. The Resident Care System is a computerized medical record system designed to reduce the amount of hand written paper works required to maintain resident and nursing center records. (Moshida, 2004). It is a computerized medical record that prevents lost of productivity, improve clinical accuracy and charge captures. Experts are taking its institution’s paperless and tell the benefits of the next level of efficiency that are being delivered to the HIPAA V. DRUG Info today. All stakeholders in healthcare organization and caregivers, consumers, purchasers, payers and policy making are focused in the orientation of medical errors and weighing the health care providers involve. Thousands of people did it every year as a result of Adverse Drug Event (ADE). The result is efficient, high-quality care. In relation to this study, the system reduced paper works and avoids loss of files or manipulation of medical information/records. A study (Peters,2004) wrote the System Analysis and Design refers to the process of examining a situation and deciding whether improvements is deserved or feasible. The intent of the system investigation is to study a business process and evaluating it. Manage should be a result, not an â€Å"intent†. In developing a system, a process is set to meet are the dissatisfaction of the present systems on the part of the beneficiaries, such as the personnel and the applicant, the new system should at least give then the ease of maintaining a fast and better procedure on handling records. According to William, (2002) A system is combined with a function or purpose and each person thinks in terms of the job he or she is trying to accomplish. It is necessary to explore alternative ways of some changes to be made. Manage should be a result, not an intent. † It is impossible to set standard for handling applicant and employees records. The only matter to be considered is simply developing the best system which is set to meet the requirements of file handling and management. In this book the way of doing something to see if the method should continue as is modified slightly completely revised. A study Henry F. Korths (2003) states that: â€Å"The system should produce meaningful results quickly. This usually means action reports an a basic on immediate responses to inquiries. It does not eliminate entirely the traditional historical aspect, but it does not mean, that such reports most supplement with current oriented reports† Local Literature According to the article â€Å"Asian Hospital uses new info system for faster, efficient transactions â€Å"(Veroy Robert,2006) states that the system, called Hospital 2000, is highly-specialized software that integrates the hospital’s various systems into a single platform and one database. Hospital 2000 takes account on specially-designed programs that will facilitate the hospital’s internal transactions to better serve the inpatient and outpatient populations. Running a modern hospital requires proper data facilitation and accurate system management to deliver efficient and real time transactions particularly between doctors and patients. That’s why with this new system, we are now at par, if not better, than any other hospital in the Asia-Pacific region, said Pamela Robinson, Asian Hospital CEO and President. The system, according to Asian Hospital Director for General Services Joel Garcia, has three major components covering administrative, clinical and imaging activities. Furthermore, the system takes care of the hospital’s financial records, purchasing, recording functions, and on-line ordering system for the nurse’s station. Hospital 2000 was specifically made for Bumrungrad Hospital, a Bangkok-based healthcare facility, in 1998. Asian Hospital recently sealed a partnership with Bumrungrad International in an effort to upgrade its existing facilities including the hospital’s information and communications technology system. The need for efficient records management and information service in the administration of justice in the Philippines, may be addressed through IT. It is interwoven into almost every hand of the country’s social fabric and the judiciary is not exempted Chief Justice Andres Narvasce said that â€Å"the benefits of using an Information Technology in judicial system is readily apparent†. An article in Metropolitan times, Volume No. 27, states that the high court created the computerization committee tasked with the automation of the Supreme Court. The committee’s first task include the installation of a Case Administration System (CAS). The CAS links the different offices with are primary concerned with the supreme counts judicial work through a Local Area Network. According to Sacobel (2004) the progress is significant because it is capable of decongesting the back loss of cases in the courts. The chief justice believes that if the case is available and the system prepared to use it, then it becomes simply a matter of you providing the necessary logistical support. The high tribunal is currently proposing revisions in the laws in production with the objective of simplifying procedure. Though there will be substantial changes. They are intended to harmonize the rules in this area of the law and simplify the work of lawyer and judges. This would translate into faster more efficient case disposition and overall improvement of justice system. A popular author of Accounting Parsin (2005), states in his book that business organization are using computers to improve their efficiency and reduce their cost of operation. Reports are more timely and accelerate computer have manipulate and recall data to the form , all users wishes to use with the introduction of microcomputers computation of business is more affordable. He also stated that computers are beneficial to the improvement of the company. Reduce time, effort and money. Computers play a major role in every company for their improvement and giving quality service to their respective customers. According to Chua (2003) it pervades every aspect of our lives. Ti has become ubiquitous and essential for developments. The information technology embarks the passage of our time. It is necessary to adapt to response our changing needs. It corresponds to the unfolding body of knowledge which is now being sensible anywhere. Information Technology nowadays becomes a necessity, OLE to the beneficial aspect it brings in human life. It tends to keep daily routines efficient, accurate and timely to the needs depending to the needs of people. According to Simons (2006) as Information Technology continues to burst, it gives attention to different aspect of the needs of the user. In this tech-driven age, scientific break through made practically everyday as a science and technology march forwards to the proverbial leads and bonds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The prolongation of this breakthrough gives convenience life to the users, which signifies the progress of computerization. It comes in different aspects in offices, hospital, establishments, even at home. Thus, computerized information system is a phenomenon to handle, for it adapts to relevant needs to different people. Foreign Literature An article entitled China’s Computer-aided Hospital Management System( Chih-Ho Yu Ning Huang Washington,2004) states that China Computer Hospital Management System 11/30/94 BEIJING, CHINA, 1994 NOV 30 A computer-aided hospital management system has been developed by Xinyuan Electronic Corporation, a subsidiary of the First Research Institute of the Electronic Industry Ministry of China. The company claims that, with its user-friendly interface and flexible networking the system is suitable for almost for all kinds of hospitals. The developed system is being used by several civil and military hospitals in Beijing, China. Currently, a complete system consists of nine subsystems, including clinic management, medical record management, in-patient department management, statistic department management, price management, dispensary management, preparation manufacturing management, and general manager information system. An application system for a specific hospital can be constructed by using some or all of these subsystems. The overall system software is developed in the C programming language on Novell networks. Its database files are claimed to be compatible with Xbases. All departments in the hospital can input their information at workstations and share information with other members on the network. The system offers menus and help information in Chinese. The system also uses advanced multimedia techniques. For example, the system gives voice output for price information and touch-screen- operation at pharmacy departments. An article entitled â€Å"With a Sharp focus on Pharmacy Medicine Shoppe posts double –digit gains† (Earl Smith, 2001) states that medical shoppe posts double digit gains narrates that part of its success is due to the number of Pharmacy specific innovations implemented over the past year. According to Ronald Hofmeister, R. Ph executive vice president of pharmacy operations. These innovations includes automation and work flow efficiencies, a program and an enhanced prescription compounding program. Looking at the retail pharmacy today and the challenges to making a profit, Hofmeister stated â€Å"Retail Pharmacy has a tremendous opportunity to properly position and fulfill our role as the provider of true, efficient, effective and accessible health care in any government prescription drug program for seniors, if we fail to do it correctly, retail will be challenged to remain profitable with only dispensing fees related to such programs. With this, the study should put into consideration the role of the Pharmaceutics Company in rendering services to the people fulfilling its commitments to give quality services by providing the right prescription drug will also result into a true and efficient health care to its customers. According to Flamholtz (2003) still defined that records would prove continuing records for system. These records reflect the result of the â€Å"cycle play sick record†. The computerization of record means agreement is beyond reducing operating cost mean agreement is beyond reducing operating cost of bill. It cannot make a decision for the user. It only shows what is happening. It is a management system that provides records usability throughout bound, receiving, order processing, storage and shipping. This system generates loading instruction and view release orders. Almost 500 companies information a series of standard software pack as compatible software packages from the company are designed to interface automated and manual materials storage system. Millar(2003) stated in his article entitled â€Å"New Technology will enhance patient care† the Calgary health region has entered into an agreement to purchase an innovative new health information system to better manage patient information support the delivery of high-quality care and enhance patient safety in its hospital. He said that patient care information system would provide timely access to information critical for clinical decision making, help reduce the potential for clinical decision making, help reduce potential for medical errors and speed up the flow of information that can be critical to saving lives. Having access to a complete and consiste

Sexualisation of women in the music industry free essay sample

Sexualisation is a way that mass media, celebrities or advertising can make young or old people, especially young girls, become more provocative in the way that they speak, dress and behave (BBC network, 2014). It can also force people to change in character, which is a growing concern. Sexualisation in our society has become extremely prevalent within the younger female gender. Some may dismiss this issue as no more than yet another moral panic situation between sexuality and young girls, but some see this as a serious subject and some of these people are in fact the girls being targeted (Church, 2014). The music industry with their music videos is one of the major influences contributing to the sexualisation of young girls. With the raunchy outfits and extreme sex appeal that music videos are displaying, gives an explanation for the increasingly sexualised behaviour with teen girls. There are many ways in which adolescent girls can be influenced by the sexualisation of the music industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexualisation of women in the music industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ways such as, advertising clothing which is low cut, skimpy and sexually leading, masking young girls in makeup to make them look more attractive, and having a promiscuous outlook to the opposite sex at a young age. The constant contradiction between remaining innocent but looking visually irresistible to young males for young girls is becoming harder on account of the social normalities for youths in this generation. Are we putting too much undue pressure on young girls to look a certain way? When did this become an issue? Sexualisation in the music industry has been an issue since the early 1980’s when the television channel MTV was invented, and singers generated film clips to accompany their music (bright blue, 2013). Before music clips, the sexual element of the music was wrapped in the raunchy lyrics. Music videos started in 1981 when the pop hit ‘Physical’ by Olivia Newton John was released. This music video contains multiple women in tight, fluoro coloured spandex gym clothes, performing what you would see in a gym, only more sexualised, with the thrusting and ‘pornified’ dance moves (YouTube, 2013). OLIVIA NEWTON JOHN: â€Å"LETS GET PHYSICAL† It was around this time that women were tired of shaping their music around the typical ‘good-girl’ category of music video. They wished to explore their sexuality and have an impact on the audience by displaying their womanhood and independence, which is when young girls started to explore how they could use their body language as a way of enticement. (Mathers, 2014) They were trying to entice men into paying more attention to them as being more fit and active which subtly means that they would engage in sexual activity. This is backed up by her lyrics stating ‘There is nothing left to talk about, unless it is horizontally’. The lyric is referring to sexual behaviours. On June 4th 2013 the most controversial, sexualised, and raunchy film clip was released (YouTube, 2013). This was Miley Cyrus’ ‘We Can’t Stop’. The video contained Miley with a group of rebellious youths, causing mayhem and havoc in a mansion. In the majority of the video, Cyrus is wearing nothing but white contoured leggings and a skimpy white bra. Miley is also shot with her legs open, and the camera between her legs, this is suggesting sexual behaviour. Miley has billions of ‘tween’ admirers all around the world (Vevo, 2013) and for them viewing this sort of materials can brand an ideology in their minds of how they should be behaving. â€Å"Miley speaks out in a current interview and states â€Å"Girls should see me as a role model, I am cool, calm and have hit 150 billion views on YouTube† (Seventeen, 2014). She is using her status to gain fans and manipulate you into thinking she is correct in the way she thinks, speaks, and acts. Both Miley and Olivia have referred to sexual conducts and displayed raunchy and suggestive danicing which can be seen as a lack of respect for themselves and also a generalisation that most girls in the muic industry are behaving this way. Have artists tried to contradict the sexualisation in music videos? 28-year-old British pop diva Lily Allen has made a living off of slamming pop culture, and in her new music video ‘Hard Out Here’ she makes a mockery of the music industry and how girls are behaving in music videos. (BBC network, 2014) The potty-mouthed princess makes several comments on how â€Å"she doesn’t have to shake her behind because she has half a brain† or â€Å"Dress like a hooker to attract a good looker†. These lyrics of the song reflects on the ways that she is dressed throughout the clip, she is in all black, yet she isn’t showing an inch of her own body although she is surrounded by the typical slack hussies who have barely anything on except having their genitals covered (Clips,2014) The girls around her are all dancing and moving in an inciting way to attract male attention, all the while making fun of women who feel this is acceptable. At one point in the video, Lily and her group of dancers are suggestively eating bananas, insinuating sexual behaviour (Independent,2014). Lily is sending a very important message to young girls, she is saying that this behaviour is non realistic and too sexualised for young girls who have impressionable mind to be viewing. The suggestive behaviours and the raunchy dance moves, are ways that she feels young girls of today’s music video industry are tyring to strive to be like. Do teenage girls in reality, feel the pressure or the need to behave or look like the women in music videos? According to the surveys that were conducted, targeted at year 11 and 12 students, one hundred per cent of the applicants, answered no to â€Å"whether or not they feel they have to behave this way. † This survey response indicates that girls in high school, don’t feel the pressures of looking like a girl in a music video, some commented on how â€Å"it is an unrealistic expectation of what we are expected to look like. † Fifty per cent of the surveyors said that they don’t feel the need to â€Å"parade themselves† as sexual beings to attract the opposite sex. This proves that half the demographics do not see the importance of sexual attraction or making themselves centre of attention while with the opposite sex. The girls that I surveyed were older teenagers between the ages of seventeen and eighteen, and these people were all for Lily Allen’s campaign for slamming the sexualised music videos. This shows that the older girls realise, the ideology of being ‘perfect’ does not exist, and these women shown in these videos are not ‘realistic†. In conclusion, the music industry is sexualising older teenage girls to a minor extent. According to the surveys, the older girls don’t feel that they have to display every inch of their body to be considered attractive, and most didn’t see having male attention as an important social standing to have. To the older teens in actuality, music videos are seen as false and a fake depiction of adolescent girls in reality. Lily Allen has made more or an impact on our generation, making girls embrace how they look, how much they weigh and not letting male attention become something to fear about. Idols like Miley are fooling impressionable young minds into what real women are like, and her depiction, is far from reality.

Neanderthals essays

Neanderthals essays Neanderthals got the nickname Cave Men because of their shelter, so yes; it is exactly what you think. They sought protection in Caves, and under rock. Some hunted Mammoths and used the jawbones to make sturdy walls for a shelter. Thanks to Neanderthals, there is a smart human evolution today. Some believe that humans killed off Neanderthals, and some believe Neanderthals interbreed with humans to create our modern day man. The answer is unknown. Scientists cannot find enough evidence to support a n y o f t h e s e conclusions. Many People stereotype a Neanderthal or Cave Man as a stupid human-like figure which went around and grunted. This is not at all the case with Neanderthals. They used functional clothing, hunted cooperatively, used pigments, sheltered themselves, and buried their dead, much like humans today. Although, we do not know if they talked or not, we do know they had some form of communication. A Neanderthal had it very rough. Average lifespan was forty to forty five years. Many aspects of their behavior contributed to this. For example, many Neanderthals contributed in close range kills. This meaning they would literally kill their prey in less than a foot away. As a result, they would have been attacked more easily. We do have hunting skills today, correct? Where do you think they started from? Yes, Neanderthals. What was the Neanderthals most important tool? It was their teeth. They used them to grasp things as a third hand. Other tools used were axes, choppers, scrapers, backed knifes, denticuates, and points. Do we use any of these tools today? Once again, proof that humans evolved from Neanderthals. However, there were some differences between Neanderthals and Modern Day Humans. They had an endomorphic body shape, thicker body structure, and many differences in the skull. Neanderthals had more brains than modern humans. No, they were not smarter; they just ha ...

Text messaging and the positive effects on literature Essay

Text messaging and the positive effects on literature - Essay Example Some even stated that they extensively text message on a regular basis. When those young adolescents spoke up regarding the use of cell phones, we were not surprised when they stated that they are using text messages as a primary form of communication between friends and family. According to the Mobile Life Report, 52% of children consider text messaging their number one form of communication with their friends. (Dunstone, 2008) Another factor driving the widespread adoption of cell phone use is parents want their children to carry cell phones for safety reasons. In fact, parents often object to school policies that ban cell phones, staging rallies and threatening lawsuits (Wallace, P., 2011). So with such a wide spread implementation of cell phones being purchased by parents for their children, why is it so hard to understand that children and adults are going to be using mobile devices as a primary form of communication? As you will see in this paper, using cell phones can actually improve the literacy of the users when text messages are the primary source of communication used. Even though text messaging can cause children and adults to use the abbreviated text spelling, text messaging its the largest form of communication for children and adults alike. Some studies have evidence that suggests that text messaging is positively affecting literacy skills in adults and children around the world. As many parents and teachers know, keeping an adolescent focused on learning to read is a daunting task. According to the Institute of Education Science, school, districts had total expenditures of approximately $596.6 billion in 2007–08 in the United States. How much of that money goes into programs that are designed to keep young adolescents focused and motivated to learn? Why are the schools not using all the mobile technology at their fingertips? Students enjoy learning as

United States Human Resources - Training and Development Essay

United States Human Resources - Training and Development - Essay Example le, trainees receive detailed training and on-the-job experience, specifically designed to develop individual stores and club management in the future (Sharing our Story, 2006, p.6). Aside from these usual training methods, John DiBenedetto, Vice President, talent planning and development for Wal-Mart plans to develop a training program, â€Å"a world-class corporate university without walls† that further improves Wal-Mart’s business performance. DiBenedetto was able to fuse 60 percent operations business from within the company (subject-matter experts) and 40 percent from external talent (human resource development) (Whitney, 2006). DiBenedetto even adopts the latest technology in hand-held learning devices and podcasting to facilitate and enhance learning. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., with its new vice president for talent planning and planning, John DiBenedetto, is tying up with prestigious universities such as Cornell and Duke to provide business planning and training for senior officers in the corporation. Aside from this, Wal-Mart purchases training programs from different HR development agencies and providers for its personnel. To fund these DiBenedetto resorts not only to corporate budget but also to contributions of sales revenues of individual stores (Whitney, 2006). Wal-Mart has high standards of quality in their service. Its founder, Sam Walton, sees to it that there is a culture of effective customer service that will be followed by his corporation’s personnel which includes his three guiding principles – Respect for the Individual, Service to Customers, Strive for Excellence – and other set of dogmas such as rules for building businesses, sundown rule, ten foot rule, among others. DiBenedetto has great confidence in using metrics to evaluate personnel needs. He maps out business impact and service levels form customers to check out which aspect of HR needs to be changed or developed. Wal-Mart also regularly conducts Saturday Morning

A Nationalize Healthcare system is the right thing to do for all Research Proposal

A Nationalize Healthcare system is the right thing to do for all Americans; but can Americans afford it - Research Proposal Example A report issued by the advocacy group Families USA described that the age of the people who are without healthcare coverage is below 65, while those who are 65 and up are covered by government Medicare program. Thirty-three percent of 265 million Americans under 65 have been uninsured for two years. This includes 60.1 million adults and 26.6 million children and teens up to 18 years old. This amount may have been different from the statistic given above by the Census Bureau. This discrepancy indicates one of the weaknesses of the market because it relies on data from the third or forth party as it emphasizes on cost saving. Americans obtain health insurance through a combination of private coverage under employers’ contribution scheme, out of pocket private contribution, and those who are unemployed, without employers’ contribution or unable to purchase insurance under out of pocket schemes are under government Medicare program. The recent bankruptcy cases, such as the mortgage corporations Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which operate under public private partnership scheme, have affected millions of Americans. People abandon their homes (Rucker, 2009) and become homeless (The National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2009; DeLuz, 2006; Rydstrom, 2007). The massive lay off and bankruptcies of the giant automakers Chrysler and General Motor, the Wall Street Journal, the renewable energy corporations, the AIG insurance, and million other bankruptcies of private corporations, all have caused the number of Americans without health insurance to be doubled, from 47 million to 86.7 million people.3 This number represents one-third of the nation’s total population. Peter Jennings, the ABC television anchor presented his documentary entitled Breakdown: America’s Health Insurance Crisis, described the capitalistic attitude of the insurance providers. He said one of the reasons why Americans are now without health insurance is the

Martin Ritt’s Norma Rae Essay -- Capitalism Factories Essays

Martin Ritt’s Norma Rae Martin Ritt’s Norma Rae portrays the plight of the Southern factory worker during the 1970’s. As the film progresses and Norma Rae fights for her rights, it is difficult to believe that economic system under which she works is that of capitalism. Yet, the very idea that she is able to advocate for her self and for others, as workers in a factory with the support of a union organizer, demonstrates the role of the worker in a capitalist society. Norma Rae was able to form a union because the system maintained that she had the authority to do so. The formation of the factory was based in capitalism. Financial capital is used to gain access to resources. The textile factory that employed Norma Rae may not have been a purely capitalist environment, but the society in which it was constructed was fundamentally capitalist. That society permitted establishment of a union in the factory to ensure workers rights. The Textile Workers Union of America sent a representative to the factory to ensure that the company was obeying the laws of the greater capitalist society. Those laws were established with the passage of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) which protects workers rights to unionize. The representative, Rueben Wychofsky, understood the provision of this law and its subsequent amendments and used his rights and the rights of the workers to create a union. This process occurred with the help of Norma Rae, an employee who rallied the other workers to exercise their rights. Society’s sanctions in the form of labor laws forced the factory to obey the conventions of capitalist society in the form of better working conditions and a fair wage. A capitalist society is rooted i... ...ervisory position, thereby attempting to buy her silence through rewards of an increased wage and responsibility. The textile factory portrayed in Norma Rae, was not a pristine example of capitalism, since the factory was steeped with bad practice. Throughout the film, the supervisors and managers manipulated regulations in order to maintain an infer-structure that maximized profits. This film is an example of the system of checks and balances that have come to exist in capitalist society. These checks and balances permit manufacturing facilities to earn a fair profit and remain in business while, at the same time, provide workers with fair wages and decent working conditions. Because competition exists, both in terms of the labor market and the market for goods, the greater society is able to demand that industry conform to certain collective standards.

Apush

The Sunflower Over the summer we read the book â€Å"The Sunflower†, a story written by Simon Waistlines. The story consists of a man named Simon having to make a choice of to forgive someone that has brought him great pain. Simon Is faced with Nazi asking for forgiveness for all the people he has killed over the years. Simon makes a choice but later regrets It. The book â€Å"The Sunflower† starts with Simon Waistlines being put Into a concentration camp during the Holocaust.He lives his life as a prisoner day by day until one day he is taken with a group to clean trash at a hospital. While walking through the town to the hospital he sees a cemetery for Nazi soldiers. He noticed that each grave had a single sunflower planted on top of it. When Simon reaches the hospital he is called inside by TA nurse who brings him too patient's room. The room he was brought to was the one of a dying Nazi named Karl. Simon was stuck in Kart's room listening to his story about what he has done to Jews, the people he has killed and his mother.When Karl is done telling his story, he begs Simon for forgiveness. Without answering Simon leaves. He couldn't decide whether it was a good idea or not to forgive the Nazi. The day after, Simon is brought back to the hospital. The nurse again brings him inside and instead of going to the patient's room she gives him Kart's possessions. Karl had passes away the night before. One day after Simon is freed from the camp, he goes to visit Kart's mother's house. He thinks it will help him decide whether or not he made the right decision of not forgiving Karl.After he speaks to her, he still can't decide whether he made the right decision. At the end of the story he asked the reader what they would have done the same thing. I understand why Simon made that decision he did. I would've done the same thing. In anger a lot of decisions are made. Simon was Just very angry with Karl because he killed his own people. Asking for forgivenes s from something Like that Is a big thing. If I were Simon I would've done the same exact thing. I would have been angry with the man who killed a lot of my family friends and to ask for forgiveness after too.I would have never forgiven that man. Push By Holloway 4 forgive someone that has brought him great pain. Simon is faced with Nazi asking for later regrets it. The book â€Å"The Sunflower† starts with Simon Waistlines being put into a until one day he is taken with a group to clean trash at a hospital. While walking hospital he is called inside by TA nurse who brings him to a patient's room. The room speaks to her, he still can't decide whether he made the right decision. At the end of because he killed his own people. Asking for forgiveness from something like that is a Apush CHAPTER 11 * The tie between Aaron Burr and Jefferson meant that Jefferson had to be elected by the house of reps. * Jefferson and his secretary kept financial policies like funding, assumption, and the Bank of the U. S. in place. * The Jeffersonian Republicans showed their hostility by trying to impeach Justice Samuel Chase. * Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review; the right of the Supreme Court to declare legislation unconstitutional. * Jefferson cut the army to 2500 men because he thought a large army was a threat to liberty and economy. Jefferson’s deepest doubt about the Louisiana Purchase was that the purchase might be unconstitutional. * Lewis and Clark expedition demonstrated the viability of an overland American route to the Pacific. * After 1805, American shipping was severely hurt by trade restrictions imposed by both the British and French. * After the Chesapeake Affair Jefferson could have easily declared war on Britain with the enthusiastic support from both the Federalists and Republicans. (what is Chesapeake affair? ) * Jefferson’s embargo badly hurt Federalist New England as well as southern and western farmers. New Englanders overcame the effects of the embargo by trading illicitly with Canada and developing more domestic manufacturing. * The most revolutionary development in the critical election of 1800 was the peaceful transition of power form one political party to its opponent. * One federalist policy that Jefferson quickly overturned was the excise tax. * Jefferson was forced to reverse his strong opposition to substantial military forces b/c of the plunder and blackmailing of American shipping by North African states. Although greatly weakened after Jefferson’s election, the Federalist party’s philosophy continued to have great influence through the federalist judicial rulings of John Marshall * The tern â€Å"midnight judges† refers to Federalist judges appointed by Pres. John Adams at the l ast moments of his administration. * The republicans failure to impeach Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase established the principle that impeachment should be used only for â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors† and not as a political weapon. * Jefferson focused his military construction policy primarily on building several hundred small gun boats. Embargo Act prohibited all foreign trade. * The crucial foreign goal for many â€Å"war hawks† in the war of 1812 was the capture and annexation of Canada. * Tecumseh and the prophet created a pan Indian military alliance against white expansion and also urged Native Americans to resist white ways and revive their traditional culture. * Native American resistance east of the Mississippi river was effectively crushed in the two battles of Tippecanoe and Horseshoe Bend. CHAPTER 12 * Napoleons decision to repeal his blockage decrees in response to Macon’s Bill No. 2 demonstrated how Madison was manipulated by napoleon. The large western delegations in Congress were very concerned about foreign policy issues such as Canada and maritime rights. * A good deal of western hostility to Britain arose b/c the war hawks believed that the British were supplying the Native Americans. * New Englanders did not want to acquire Canada at all. * Even though the New England shippers were most affected by overseas trade they did not want to confront Britain on issues for impressment and maritime rights. * American naval forces under Perry and Macdonough thwarted British-Canadian invasion threats to Detroit and upstate New York. Clay’s and Calhoun’s plans for an extensive system of federally funded roads and canals were blocked by Republican presidents who had constitutional objections. * The Era of Good Feelings under President Monroe was broken by the Panic of 1819 and the battle over slavery in Missouri. * B/c of its wildcat banking practices and land speculation, the west was hit especially hard in th e panic of 1819. * Missouri compromise: Missouri a slave state, Maine a free state and no more slavery would be permitted in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri. John Marshalls Supreme Court rulings generally defended the power of the federal government against the power of the states. * The greatest American military successes of the War of 1812 came in the naval battles on the Great Lakes and elsewhere. * Two prominent American military heroes who emerged from the War of 1812 were Oliver Hazard Perry and Andrew Jackson. * The American victory in the Battle of New Orleans proved essentially meaningless b/c the peace treaty had been signed several weeks before. * The terms of the treaty of Ghent nding the War of 1812 provided that the two sides would stop fighting and return to the status quo before the war. * One significant consequence of the War of 1812 was an increase in domestic manufacturing and economic independence. * A significant int ernational consequence of the war of 1812 was a growth of Canadian patriotism and nationalism. * The new nationalistic feeling right after the war of 1812 was evident in the development of a distinctive national literature, an increased emphasis on economic independence, and a new pride in the American army and navy. * MuCulloch vs. Maryland: Justice John Marshall said that the federal bank of the U. S. was constitutional and no state had the right to tax it. * Daniel Webster joined John Marshall in expanding the power of the federal government at the expense of the states. * Andrew Jackson’s invasion of Florida led to permanent acquisition of the territory after Secretary of State Adams further pressured Spain to cede the area to the U. S. * The original impetus for declaring the Monroe doctrine came from a British proposal that American join Britain in guaranteeing the independence of the Latin American republics. The Monroe Doctrine asserted that the U. S. would not tolerate further European intervention or colonization in the Americas. * The immediate effect of the Monroe Doctrine at the time it was issued was very little. CHAPTER 13 * The â€Å"New Democracy† was based on the ending of property qualifications for the ballot in most states. * The voters failed to give an electoral majority to a ny candidate in 1824, so the house of reps. had to choose the president form among the top three candidates. * President Adams attempted to uphold strong nationalistic principles in a time of rowing sectionalism. The south and its leading spokesman, Calhoun, favored the tariff of 1816 but opposed the stronger tariff of 1828. * The election campaigns of 1828 were more about personalities and mudslinging than on the issues of tariffs and popular democracy. * The election of 1828 was in some ways a â€Å"revolution† of the common people of the West and South against the older, entrenched governing classes of the East. * The Jacksonians practiced their belief that the ordinary citizen was capable of holding almost any public office w/o particular qualifications. * One consequence of the spoils system was the building of the powerful political achienes based on favors and rewards distributed to political supporters. * In the Hayne-Webster debate, the southerner Hayne defended the doctrine of nullification by the states, while Webster attacked it as contrary to a union formed by the while American people rather than by the states. * An essential cause of the â€Å"New Democracy† was the increased stake in politics felt by ordinary citizens after the panic of 1819 and the Missouri Compromise. * A new, more democratic method of nominating presidential candidates was the national nominating convention. * The Jacksonian charge of a â€Å"corrupt bargain† to gain J. Q. A. the presidency arose b/c Clay was named secretary of state after throwing his support to Adams. * The New Democracy arose partly b/c economic distress and the issue of slavery in Missouri stimulated a heightened public awareness of politics. * One political innovation that illustrated the new popular voice in politics was the rise of national party conventions to nominate presidential candidates. * Adam being stubborn and prickly, his support for national roads, a notional university, and an astronomical observatory, and his anti-western land and Indian policies made his presidency a political failure. In the battle over the â€Å"Tariff of Abominations,† New England backed high tariffs while south demanded lower duties. * Under the surface of the South’s strong opposition to the â€Å"tariff of Abominations† was a fear of growing federal power that might interfere in slavery. * John C. Calhoun’s theory of â€Å"nullification† was based on the idea that states should be able to declare invalid those laws they deemed unconstitutional. * The concept of a political â€Å"revolution of 1828† rests on the increased involvement of ordinary voters in the political process. One of the central beliefs of the new Jacksonian democracy was that office holding should be open to as many ordinary citizens as possible. * One consequence of the spoil system was an increase in incompetence and corruption in government. * The Peggy Eaton affair contributed to the bitter, personal political conflict between Andrew Jackson and Calhoun. * Jackson’s Maysville Road veto signaled his opposition to Henry Clay’s American System. * In his debate with Hayne, Daniel Webster argued that the federal government had formed by the people and the states had no right to nullify federal law. CHAPTER 14 * Jackson ended South Carolina’s threat of nullification and secession by political pressure, compromise, and the threat of military action. * No states backed up South Carolina and their act of nullification against the federal government. * Jackson used his veto of the bill to recharter the bank of the U. S. to mobilize the common people of the west against the financial elite of the east. * The anti-Masonic third party of 1832 appealed strongly to American suspicion of secret societies and to anti-Jackson evangelical Protestants. * Jackson finally destroyed the Band of the U. S. y moving federal deposits to state banks; the independent treasury was not established until 1840. * Jackson defied the Supreme Court and ordered eastern Indians removed to Oklahoma. * American settlers in Texas clashed with the Mexican government over issues of slavery, immigration, and legal rights. * The Whig party eventually coalesced into a strong anti-Jackson party with a generally nationalistic outlook. * Van Buren suffered the bad effects of the anti-bank battle, especially in the panic of 1819. * The Whigs pretended that Harrison was from a poor background to form the basis appeal. Van Buren last the election of 1840 partly b/c voters connected him with the hard times caused by the panic of 1837. * The Whigs favored harmony and activism. The Democrats favored liberty and equality. * The two-party system placed a premium on political compromise within each party and thus tended to reduce the ideological conflict between the parties. * The nullification crisis in South Carolina ended when Henry Clay pushed through a compromise tariff that enabled South Carolina to save face. * Jackson’s veto if the bank recharter bill represented a bold assertion of presidential power on behalf of western farmers and other debtors. Among the new political development that appeared in the election of 1832 were third-party campaigning, national conventions, and party pla tforms. * Jackson’s Specie Circular declared that all public lands would have to be purchased with â€Å"hard† or metallic money. * One of Andrew Jackson’s weapons in his was against Nicholas Biddle’s Bank of the U. S. was removing federal deposits from the bank and transferring them to â€Å"pet† state banks. * One important result of President Jackson’s destruction of the bank of the U. S. was the lack of a stable banking system to finance the era of rapid industrialization. In theory, the U. S. government treated the Indians east if the Mississippi River as sovereign nations with whom the government negotiated and signed binding treaties. * Some eastern Indian peoples like the Cherokees were notable for their development of effectiveness agricultural, educational, and political institutions. * In promoting his policy of Indian removal, Jackson defied rulings of the U. S. Supreme Court that favored Cherokees. * The end result of Jacksonâ⠂¬â„¢s Indian policies the forcible removal of the most southeastern Indians to Oklahoma. * A particular source of friction b/w the gov’t. f Mexico and the immigrant settlers in Texas was the settlers’ importation of slaves. * In the aftermath of the successful Texas Revolution, Texas petitioned to join the U. S. but was refused admission. * The panic of 1837 and subsequent depression were caused by overspecutlation and Jacksons financial policies. * Whig Party: Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. Tended to favor a strong federal role in economic and moral issues. CHAPTER 15: * American frontier life was often plagued by poverty and illness. * The influx of Irish immigrants contributed to the rise of nativism and anti-Catholicism. Most early American manufacturing was concentrated in New England. * The principle of â€Å"general incorporation† permitted individual business people to apply for limited-liability corporate charters from the state legislatures. * The ear ly industrial revolution involved jobs with long hours and low wages. * Early labor unions made very slow progress; partly b/c the strike weapon was illegal and ineffective. * The steel plow and mechanical reaper helped turn American farmers from subsistence farming to commercial, market-oriented agriculture. * By 1840, canals were cheaper and more effective than highways. The Erie Canal’s great economic effect was to create strong east-west commercial and industrial links b/w the Northeast and the West (Midwest). * The railroad met much early opposition, especially from canal interest. * In the sectional division of labor that developed before the civil war, the south generally provided raw materials to the Northeast in exchange for manufactured goods, transportation, and commercial services. * Most women remained outside the market economy, in the home. * American industrial cities were the sites of a slow but steady rise in wage rates for most workers. By the time of the c ivil war, telegraph lines had been stretched across both the Atlantic Ocean and the North American continent. * The experience of frontier life was especially difficult for women. * As late as 1850, over one-half of the American population was under the age of thirty. * The primary economic activity in the Rocky Mountain West before the civil war was fur-trapping. * Americans came to look on their spectacular western wilderness areas especially as one of their distinctive, defining attributes as a new nation. The American painter who developed the idea for a national park system was George Catlin. * Two major sources of European immigration to America in the 1840’s and the 1850’s were Germany and Ireland. * One Consequence of the influx of new immigrants was an upsurge of anti-Catholicism. * Industrialization was at first slow to arrive in America b/c there was a shortage of labor, capital, and consumers. * The first industry to be shaped by the new factory system of m anufacturing goods was textiles. * Wages went up for most American workers in the 19th century except for women and children. A major change affecting the American family in the early 19th century was a decline in the average number of children per household. * The first major improvements in the American transportation system were steamboats and highways. * The new regional â€Å"division of labor† created by improved transportation meant that the south=cotton, the west=grain and livestock, and the east= manufacturing. * One effect if industrialization was a rise in the gap between rich and poor. * A major new technological development that linked America more closely to Europe was the transatlantic cable.